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OAKLAND, Calif. —As the Athletics rang in the first home stand of the 2022 MLB season Monday in Oakland, the “home” part remains in flux for future seasons.

The A’s took on the Baltimore Orioles at the aging RingCentral Coliseum, a facility both the team and MLB don’t see fit for long-term use.

As the franchise negotiates a potential $12 billion mixed-use project centered around a $1 billion waterfront ballpark at the Port of Oakland’s Howard Terminal, the team has also been pushing some of its betting chips in Las Vegas’ direction.

Due to the continued exploration in Nevada, some fans of the team — which pushes the “Rooted in Oakland” mantra — believe those roots are running thin in the Bay Area.

“I was never happy that the Raiders left and I’m certainly not going to be happy when the A’s leave,” said Angela Pacheco, lifelong A’s fan. “I think it’s all but a done deal.”

Last May, MLB Commissioner Rob Manfred gave the A’s permission to explore possible relocation after years of talks about a new facility in Oakland dragged on. Nearly one year later, Las Vegas is the only location the A’s have seriously researched.

Team brass including A’s owner John Fisher and President Dave Kaval have made almost a dozen trips to Southern Nevada. During those trips team officials met with various politicians, resort owners and other groups with land to offer for a potential $1 billion domed stadium.

Five potential sites

The A’s have a final site list of five potential spots in Las Vegas the team could call home. And while some worry the Las Vegas overture is a leverage play by the A’s, Kaval insists, as he has all along, the search is real.

“Both (Las Vegas and Oakland) are progressing at a pace where we’re going to know a lot this summer,” Kaval said Monday in Oakland. “We want to know as soon as we can because the uncertainty is difficult for fans, it’s difficult for both communities, really everyone involved.”

Oakland A’s President Dave Kaval and Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf with the raising of the Atheltics flag to kick off opening day at the coliseum. #oakland #mlb #athletics pic.twitter.com/Rj6TQ1AN1O

— Mick Akers (@mickakers) April 18, 2022

Kaval said he’ll be back in Las Vegas Tuesday for several important meetings with area land owners as the organization pushes to identify that final Southern Nevada site. With the site list sitting at five, the possible options could shorten when Kaval heads back to Oakland Wednesday evening.

“We’re in final negotiations on a couple of the options and (there’s been) really positive dialogue with the different potential partners,” Kaval said. “We’re not at the point yet where we can make a public announcement, but we are getting closer … We want to get to the point where we can divulge the information and get the support of the community, the elected leaders and everyone involved in the process.”

Pacheco said she believes the A’s are doing everything in their power to ensure that the team ends up in Las Vegas. She also likened the situation to a classic baseball film.

“Have you ever seen that movie ‘Major League?’ How the owner makes the conditions the worst that they can so they can lose and go away?” Pacheco said. “That’s what I think Dave Kaval is (doing.) They should make that movie instead of “Moneyball,” referring to a 2011 film about the A’s.

Mayor wants A’s to stay

Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf has made it clear every chance she gets that she’s not a fan of the Las Vegas area. Earlier this month Schaaf stirred Las Vegas residents into an uproar when she dubbed the city a “gross desert.” In response, Las Vegas Mayor Carolyn Goodman invited Schaaf to visit Southern Nevada.

Schaaf said she respects the pushback that she’s heard and seen from residents and Southern Nevada dignitaries.

“I totally respect Mayor Goodman. I respect the Las Vegans who are going to stand up for their city and who are going to defend it,” Schaaf said. “That’s what we do in Oakland all day long. Let us all love our cities, stick up for them and express our pride. We’ll see where the ballpark goes.”

Last month, Oakland City Council member Carroll Fife last month brought up the possibility of putting the Howard Terminal project to a public vote. Schaaf said she doesn’t think that will go forward.

“I have not seen anyone bring it to be scheduled for discussion,” Schaaf said. “I do not think it is going to happen. I do not think that it has any merit … I don’t know of a single other council member that supports the idea.”

Kaval and the A’s have been at odds for months over various aspects tied to the Howard Terminal project, mainly related to community benefits, affordable housing and infrastructure costs. Schaaf acknowledged they’re still negotiating those points.

“I find that myself and Dave Kaval are extremely aligned on our vision,” Schaaf said. “Sometimes the devil is in the details and while we share a vision, the question is how will we pay for it?”

Some fans resigned to losing team

Many fans aren’t optimistic that Oakland will keep the A’s, just as the city couldn’t stop the Raiders from relocating to Las Vegas in 2020.

“This is very sad to me, this is like home to me,” said Mario Cruz, another fan attending Monday’s game. “We already lost to the Raiders, the Warriors are in San Francisco now and I won’t be surprised if the Athletics leave. It’s going to be a sad day when that comes.”

Cruz said he would remain an A’s fan, as he begrudgingly did with the Raiders when they left. Trips to Las Vegas to see the A’s would be in the cards for Cruz and his group if the team lands in Southern Nevada.

Pacheco on the other hand said she might not even be a fan of the sport anymore if the A’s abandon ship in Oakland.

“I might not even care about baseball,” Pacheco said. “I might become a Giants fan, because they’ve got a great stadium, a good organization and a good location. I mean to be determined, but I’m certainly not going to spend my money and my time to go watch games in Vegas. Certainly not.”

Contact Mick Akers at [email protected] or 702-387-2920. Follow @mickakers on Twitter.

Contact Mick Akers at [email protected] or 702-387-2920. Follow @mickakers on Twitter.

Sónar Lisboa 2022 kicks off in the Portuguese capital this weekend. It commences at 12:00 pm on Friday the 8th of April, concluding at 10:00 pm on Sunday the 10th of April.  The festival is three days packed with music, creativity and technology.

Sónar Lisboa brings together more than 100 artists to Lisbon. The festival is comprised of Sónar +D, which is comprised of conferences, exhibitions, and AV shows as well as a series of musical performances, that are broken down into Sónar by Day and Sónar by Night.

Sónar +D explores creativity as the driving force for change in the 21st century. The conferences will be held in Factory Lisbon, focusing on Sustainability and Human Rights. There are three sub-themes, primarily Artificial  Intelligence and Algorithms; the Intersections of Art, Science, Ecology, Sustainability and Climate  Change; and Creative Technologies and Digital Economy: from Metaverse to Web3.

Included among the featured speakers is Bas Grasmayer, leader of the community platform COLORS and founder of Music x, whose talk will include a discussion of NFTs.

Canadian DJ and producer Jayda G, whose background in Environmental Toxicology allows for an in-depth analysis of the music/sustainability dichotomy. There will be talks from artist Tupac Márti whose latest work takes on medical neuroscience technology to materialize pioneering visual work.  Biologist Filipa Bessa,  winner of the United Nations Oceans Day Oceanic Photo Competition in 2018, specializes in marine plastic pollution and the effects of human activities on marine and coastal ecosystems.

Another highlight is bound to be Francisco Vidal whose use of VR showcases a bold and colourful universe.

Climate change, natural resources conservation, artificial intelligence and its ethical implications,  misinformation, algorithms, and the media are also brought together as part of the festival. 

Completing the Sónar+D Exhibitions are ten digital pieces by international and Portuguese artists, the large-scale installation by Artworks and the artistic collective based in Porto berru.

The depth and breadth of the discussions across the Sónar+D workshops allow for education and introspection. As well as the workshops, don’t forget the extensive and expansive music performances.

There are more than 70 concerts and performances by artists and DJs, such as Arca, Bicep (live), The Blaze  DJ, Charlotte de Witte, Dixon, DJ Shadow, Polo & Pan, Enchufada Na Zona, Honey Dijon, Floating  Points, Pongo, Leon Vynehall, Partiboi69, Nicola Cruz, Richie Hawtin and Thundercat. These performances will take place in the iconic Lisbon venues: Centro de Congressos de Lisboa, Coliseu dos Recreios, Pavilhão Carlos  Lopes, and Hub Criativo do Beato.

Tickets are available on the official website SonarLisboa.pt and authorized ticket partners, with a limited number of General and VIP passes being back on sale. There are different ticket types that allow the audience to create their own experience – day and/or night – centred on a single venue or throughout the various locations of Sónar Lisboa 2022.

Sónar by Night

Pavilhão Carlos Lopes

April 8
dixon, elkka dj, switchdance, thundercat live, trikk

April 9
enchufada na zona
dengue dengue dengue live, dj shadow, kampire, pongo, shaka lion

Coliseu dos Recreios

April 8
arca, dj lycox, dj marfox, dj nigga fox live, nídia, total freedom

April 9
bicep live, chloé robinson, floating points, helena guedes, leon vynehall live, rroxymore live, rui vargas

Congressos Lisboa

April 8
aril brikha live, bleid, charlotte de witte, héctor oaks, imogen, marum, nkisi, phoebe, photonz, richie hawtin, stingray 313 live, vil b2b cravo, violet live, yen sung

April 9
acid alice, dj lynce, dj stingray 313, dust devices live, ellen allien b2b dr. rubinstein, fjaak live, lewis fautzi, nina kraviz, otsoa, partiboi69, valody

Sónar by Day

Pavilhão Carlos Lopes

April 9
ana pacheco, the blaze dj, discos extendes crew, honey dijon, iamddb live, india jordan, ka§par live, nicola cruz live, percebes cru djs, poté dj

April 10
anah, cruz, eu.clides live, evan baggs, jayda g, moullinex, noia, overmono dj, pedro da linha b2b riot, polo & pan live, tiago marques, torres, xinobi, zé salvador

Sónar by Night

Single Ticket – Access to 8 or 9 of April

Centro de Congressos de Lisboa
General – 55€
VIP – 85€

Coliseu dos Recreios
General – 60€
VIP – 90€

Pavilhão Carlos Lopes
General – 40€
VIP – 60€

Sónar by Day
2 Day Ticket – Access to 8 and 9 of April
General – 110€
VIP – 175€

Pavilhão Carlos Lopes
Single Ticket – Access to 8 or 9 of April
General – 50€
VIP – 90€

Sónar + D
2 Day Ticket – Access to 8 and 9 of April – 25€
Single Ticket – Access to 8 or 9 of April – 15€

Tickets are available for Sónar Lisboa 2022 HERE

Atletico Madrid went third in LaLiga after doubles from Joao Felix and Luis Suarez sealed a 4-1 victory over lowly Deportivo Alaves on Saturday.

It had looked like Diego Simeone’s side would be denied a sixth straight top-flight win when Gonzalo Escalante cancelled out Joao Felix’s opener in the 63rd minute. 

However, Suarez’s penalty and Joao Felix’s second wrapped up maximum points at the Wanda Metropolitano.

Suarez prodded in a fourth in the 90th minute as Atleti moved level with second-placed Sevilla on 57 points, although Julen Lopetegui’s side do have a game in hand. 

Atleti thought they had opened the scoring in the ninth minute, yet Thomas Lemar’s finish was ruled out for offside.

They went ahead two minutes later, though, as an unmarked Joao Felix superbly headed Sime Vrsaljko’s cross into Fernando Pacheco’s top-left corner.

Yet a sluggish start to the second half meant Atleti had to wait until the hour mark for another clear sight of goal, Marcos Llorente whipping wide from just outside the area. 

Atleti were made to pay when Escalante stole into the area and headed Edgar Mendez’s sumptuous cross past Jan Oblak. 

However, Florian Lejeune fouled substitute Matheus Cunha in the area and Suarez duly slammed his penalty down the middle.

Joao Felix got his second in the 82nd minute with a venomous close-range effort after Cunha’s initial shot had been saved.

Suarez added gloss to the scoreline in the 90th minute with a cool finish after being played in by the hugely influential Cunha.

— Atlético de Madrid (@atletienglish) April 2, 2022

What does it mean? Late show maintains Atleti’s winning run

Atleti started at a breakneck pace following an emotional pre-match tribute to Simeone’s father, Carlos, who died last month, but they failed to put the game out of Alaves’ reach before Escalante’s excellent header.

They had no issues taking their chances in the closing stages, however, with that late rally ensuring a sixth consecutive LaLiga win for the first time since January last year when they won eight on the spin. Atleti are 12 points shy of leaders Real Madrid, but look good for a Champions League place.

Joao Felix in the thick of it… again

It was another fantastic display from Joao Felix. The Portugal international has now been involved in eight goals in his last six games in all competitions (six goals, two assists), which is the same as his 33 games before that (four goals, four assists).

Griezmann upstaged

Antoine Griezmann was replaced by Suarez shortly after the hour mark and the France international might struggle to win his place back after his team-mate’s decisive contribution. Griezmann failed to have a single shot during his time on the pitch and only played one key pass.

Credit also has to go to Suarez’s fellow substitute Cunha, who played a part in all three of Atleti’s second-half goals.

What’s next?

Atleti travel to England to face Manchester City in the first leg of their Champions League quarter-final on Tuesday, before visiting Real Mallorca in LaLiga. Alaves, meanwhile, are away at Osasuna next Sunday.

Skyrmions creation and deletion with a Notch

We first demonstrate the current induced skyrmion creation using a notch at the sample boundary²³. The fabricated micro-device²⁴ comprises two Pt electrodes and a thin lamella with a thickness of ∼150 nm (see Methods, Supplementary Fig. S1 and Movie 1). A \(190\times 280\) nm² notch is specifically designed to serve as a nucleation seed for creating skyrmions using current. The notch width of ~190 nm is comparable to the period of the spin helix (L ∼ 114 nm)²⁵, much smaller than that reported in a recent FeGe-based device¹², making the creation of a single skyrmion possible.

Figure 1a shows the snapshots of the skyrmion creation process after applying a sequence of current pulses with the width of 20 ns and current density of \(-4.26\times {10}^{10}{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\) in the x-direction (see the details in Supplementary Movie 2). Initially, the sample is in the conical state under the external field B of 70 mT. After applying two pulses, one skyrmion with a topological charge of \(Q=-1\) is created. The created skyrmion is attached to the notch, indicating the attractive interaction between the skyrmion and the notch. Further application of current pulses continuously creates skyrmions one-by-one till the end of the 12th pulse (Fig. 1b). After that, it occasionally happens that no skyrmion is created under a few applications of current pulses. Nevertheless, the linear relationship between the number of created skyrmion and applied pulses is well identified (Fig. 1b and see also Supplementary Fig. S2 for other datasets). At last, a skyrmion cluster composed of 19 skyrmions is created after the 21st pulse. It stretches into a ribbon-like shape due to the skyrmion Hall effect^16,19,26.

a A sequence of Lorentz TEM images of the skyrmion creation process after applying designated numbers of current pulses. After the 2nd, 6th, and 21st pulse, the created skyrmions are 1, 5, and 19, respectively. The depth and width of the notch are 280 nm and 190 nm, respectively. The orange circle highlights a skyrmion at the corner. b The number of created skyrmions as a function of pulse numbers. Inset: Schematic plots of the experimental setup (upper left) and a magnetic skyrmion (lower right). c The average numbers of created skyrmions per current pulse as a function of current density. The creation rate is asymmetric with respect to the current direction, especially in the STT-dominated region. The scale bar in (a) is 400 nm. d Unidirectional skyrmion creation in the STT-dominated regime. Skyrmions with the topological charge of Q = −1 (Q = +1) are created on the right (left) side of the notch under a negative (positive) j and a positive (negative) external field B. No skyrmion is created under the combinations \(j \, > \, 0\), B > 0, and \(j \, < \, 0,{B} \, < \, 0\). The unidirectional skyrmion creation originates from the unique direction of the spin precession that breaks the reflection symmetry. \(\odot\) and .. stand for the upward and outward directions of the external magnetic field, respectively. The amplitude of the magnetic field is B = 70 mT, and the current density is \({{{{{\rm{|}}}}}}j{{{{{\rm{|}}}}}}=4.26\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\) and pulse width 20 ns.

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a A sequence of Lorentz TEM images of the skyrmion creation process after applying designated numbers of current pulses. After the 2nd, 6th, and 21st pulse, the created skyrmions are 1, 5, and 19, respectively. The depth and width of the notch are 280 nm and 190 nm, respectively. The orange circle highlights a skyrmion at the corner. b The number of created skyrmions as a function of pulse numbers. Inset: Schematic plots of the experimental setup (upper left) and a magnetic skyrmion (lower right). c The average numbers of created skyrmions per current pulse as a function of current density. The creation rate is asymmetric with respect to the current direction, especially in the STT-dominated region. The scale bar in (a) is 400 nm. d Unidirectional skyrmion creation in the STT-dominated regime. Skyrmions with the topological charge of Q = −1 (Q = +1) are created on the right (left) side of the notch under a negative (positive) j and a positive (negative) external field B. No skyrmion is created under the combinations \(j \, > \, 0\), B > 0, and \(j \, < \, 0,{B} \, < \, 0\). The unidirectional skyrmion creation originates from the unique direction of the spin precession that breaks the reflection symmetry. \(\odot\) and .. stand for the upward and outward directions of the external magnetic field, respectively. The amplitude of the magnetic field is B = 70 mT, and the current density is \({{{{{\rm{|}}}}}}j{{{{{\rm{|}}}}}}=4.26\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\) and pulse width 20 ns.

The spin textures of the notch play an essential role in creating the skyrmions. The notch has a sizeable in-plane magnetization component that is perpendicular to the direction of electrical current, while it is parallel at the normal edges. Under the electrical current, the spin textures could swell out and then nucleate a skyrmion due to the STT, but absent at the regular edges (Supplementary Fig. S3). Therefore, the skyrmion nucleation energy is lower at the notch than the “normal” sample edges.

The effect of the current pulse magnitude and direction on the skyrmion creation is summarized in Fig. 1c, where the parameter <N_s> represents the average number of created skyrmions per current pulse. Under a negative current pulse, the threshold current density for the skyrmion creation is approximate \(-3.4\times {10}^{10}{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\), which is one order of magnitude smaller than the theoretical estimation²³. On the contrary, a positive current with the same current density failed to create skyrmions (Fig. 1d), indicating the asymmetric STT effects with regard to the current direction²³. This asymmetry of STT-induced skyrmion creation originates from the breakdown of reflection symmetry due to the unique direction of the spin precession²³. Consequently, skyrmions with Q = +1 could only be created with a positive current and a negative field (Fig. 1d). The thermal effect starts to dominate the creation process when the current density exceeds \(5\times {10}^{10}{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\). After that, the Joule heating becomes increasingly prominent. The ultrafast field-warming beyond the T_c and then field-cooling process results in the creation of skyrmions^27,28. As a result, the unidirectionality is weakened (Supplementary Movie 3) and <N_s> rapidly increases (Fig. 1c and Supplementary Fig. S4).

The unidirectionality of skyrmion creation with the notch allows us to delete the skyrmion by using its inverse process. Figure 2a shows the representative Lorentz-TEM images of an N_s = 15 skyrmion cluster after successive applications of negative current pulses under \(j \sim 4.06\times {10}^{10}{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\) and B ~ 70 mT (see the details in Supplementary Movie 4). Once the positive current pulses are applied, the number of skyrmions \({N}_{s}\) decrease quickly with the increase of pulse number. Finally, only one skyrmion is left. It is attached to the edge owing to the attractive interaction between skyrmion and the edge²⁹, which is different from the two-dimensional system where the boundary twist owing to DMI induces a repulsive potential to skyrmions.

a A skyrmion cluster is pushed towards the notch using current pulses and absorbed by the notch gradually. The snapshots were taken under the defocus of 1 mm. The external field B = 70 mT, the pulse width is 20 ns and current density is \(4.06\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\). b The number of skyrmions \({N}_{s}\) decreases as the current pulses are applied to the system. c The average number of erased skyrmion per pulse as a function of current density.

Full size image

a A skyrmion cluster is pushed towards the notch using current pulses and absorbed by the notch gradually. The snapshots were taken under the defocus of 1 mm. The external field B = 70 mT, the pulse width is 20 ns and current density is \(4.06\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\). b The number of skyrmions \({N}_{s}\) decreases as the current pulses are applied to the system. c The average number of erased skyrmion per pulse as a function of current density.

The number of remaining skyrmions as a function of current pulses is shown in Fig. 2b. The average number of deleted skyrmions per pulse depends on the strength of current density, as shown in Fig. 2c. The deletion rate increases with the current density (Supplementary Fig. S5) and reaches its maximum at \(j \sim 3.65\times {10}^{10}{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\). Note that the threshold current density required to delete skyrmions is much smaller than that to create skyrmions, although it appears to be the inverse process of the latter. It can be attributed to the asymmetric energy landscape between the conical state and the skyrmion state. The energy barrier of skyrmion deletion is smaller than that of skyrmion creation³⁰. In principle, a flat edge should also absorb skyrmions due to the inevitable skyrmion Hall effect under large current density¹⁶. However, it did not occur even at \(j \sim 4.06\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\) (Supplementary Fig. S6), indicating the crucial role of the rectangular notch.

Skyrmions motion by current

We now turn to the motion of skyrmions driven by STT. The universal current-velocity relation of skyrmion dynamics under STT has been theoretically addressed³¹. The longitudinal velocity of a skyrmion is derived as \({v}_{x}\approx -b\,j\) under the electrical current, where b is a constant and \(j\) is the current density (see Supplementary Note I). The experimental results of the nanosecond-pulse-driven skyrmions motion are summarized in Figs. 3–5 with varied skyrmion numbers. For Q = −1, the skyrmion moves along the \(+x\) direction under a negative current with pulse width of 80 ns and \(j \sim -3.48\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\) (Supplementary Movie 5 for \(j \sim -2\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\)). The transverse motion along the \(+y\) direction, i.e., skyrmion Hall effect (quantified as \(\tan {\theta }_{h}={v}_{y}/{v}_{x}\)) is observed, as depicted in Fig. 3a. The trajectory (Fig. 3e) shows approximately linear behavior as predicted in theory. The pinning effect and thermal fluctuation can reasonably explain the deviation from the linearity. The longitudinal velocity \({v}_{x}\) is always antiparallel to the current flow while the transverse velocity \({v}_{y}\) is related to the topological charge Q (Supplementary Note I and Fig. 3). Therefore, the magnetic skyrmion moves in the opposite direction when a positive current is applied, and a reversal sign of Q only changes the direction of velocity \({v}_{y}\) (Fig. 3b, d).

a A single skyrmion with \(Q=-1\) moves forward with a negative \(j \, < \, 0\). b The reversal motion of skyrmion with \(Q=-1\) at \(j \, > \, 0\). c A single skyrmion with \(Q=+1\) moves forward at \(j \, < \, 0.\) d The reversal motion of skyrmion with \(Q=+1\) at \(j \, > \, 0\). The corresponding trajectories of the skyrmion motion are shown in (e–h). The fitted lines are shown to guide the eyes. The nonzero transverse motion in the +y direction is characterized by the skyrmion Hall angle, which depends on the skyrmion number while not the current direction. A negative (positive) Q is determined by the positive (negative) magnetic field at B = 94 mT. The current density is \({|j|}=3.48\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\) and the pulse width is 80 ns. The scale bars are 300 nm.

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a A single skyrmion with \(Q=-1\) moves forward with a negative \(j \, < \, 0\). b The reversal motion of skyrmion with \(Q=-1\) at \(j \, > \, 0\). c A single skyrmion with \(Q=+1\) moves forward at \(j \, < \, 0.\) d The reversal motion of skyrmion with \(Q=+1\) at \(j \, > \, 0\). The corresponding trajectories of the skyrmion motion are shown in (e–h). The fitted lines are shown to guide the eyes. The nonzero transverse motion in the +y direction is characterized by the skyrmion Hall angle, which depends on the skyrmion number while not the current direction. A negative (positive) Q is determined by the positive (negative) magnetic field at B = 94 mT. The current density is \({|j|}=3.48\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\) and the pulse width is 80 ns. The scale bars are 300 nm.

The sequences of images in (a) and (b) show the positions of skyrmions after applying the negative current pulses where the duration of each pulse is 80 ns, and the current density is \(-2\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\). a A skyrmion cluster with \({N}_{s}=4\). b A skyrmion cluster with \({N}_{s}=26\). The corresponding trajectories of the skyrmion center are shown in (c and d) and fit well to straight lines. The negative pulses lead to positive displacements in the +x direction independent of the skyrmion number. The skyrmion Hall angle characterizes the nonzero transverse motion in the +y direction \({\theta }_{{{{{{\rm{h}}}}}}}\) which depends on the skyrmion number and is unrelated to the current direction. The amplitude of the external field B is 117 mT. e The skyrmion velocity as a function of the current density. The x-component velocity scales linearly with the current density. f The skyrmion Hall angle \({\theta }_{{{{{{\rm{h}}}}}}}\) as a function of current density.

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The sequences of images in (a) and (b) show the positions of skyrmions after applying the negative current pulses where the duration of each pulse is 80 ns, and the current density is \(-2\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\). a A skyrmion cluster with \({N}_{s}=4\). b A skyrmion cluster with \({N}_{s}=26\). The corresponding trajectories of the skyrmion center are shown in (c and d) and fit well to straight lines. The negative pulses lead to positive displacements in the +x direction independent of the skyrmion number. The skyrmion Hall angle characterizes the nonzero transverse motion in the +y direction \({\theta }_{{{{{{\rm{h}}}}}}}\) which depends on the skyrmion number and is unrelated to the current direction. The amplitude of the external field B is 117 mT. e The skyrmion velocity as a function of the current density. The x-component velocity scales linearly with the current density. f The skyrmion Hall angle \({\theta }_{{{{{{\rm{h}}}}}}}\) as a function of current density.

a The snapshots of the skyrmion cluster on different stages. The skyrmion cluster is created in the first stage (①②③) and moves forward in the second stage (③④⑤). Then, the skyrmion is pushed back in the third stage (⑥) and is finally deleted in the fourth stage (⑦⑧). b The details of the current pulses and the number of skyrmions as a function of pulse number are plotted. The current densities used on these four stages are \(-4.87\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\), \(-2.03\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\), \(2.03\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\) and \(3.65\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\), respectively.

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a The snapshots of the skyrmion cluster on different stages. The skyrmion cluster is created in the first stage (①②③) and moves forward in the second stage (③④⑤). Then, the skyrmion is pushed back in the third stage (⑥) and is finally deleted in the fourth stage (⑦⑧). b The details of the current pulses and the number of skyrmions as a function of pulse number are plotted. The current densities used on these four stages are \(-4.87\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\), \(-2.03\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\), \(2.03\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\) and \(3.65\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\), respectively.

The current-driven skyrmions motion can also be observed in skyrmion cluster states (Fig.4). Figure 4a, b show the collective motion of skyrmion clusters with \({N}_{s}=4\) and \({N}_{s}=26\), respectively. Both the velocity and skyrmion Hall angle are similar to those of the single skyrmion, which is because the shape factor \(\eta\) of a cluster scales linearly with \({N}_{s}\) (see Supplementary Note I). However, the trajectories’ deviation from straight lines is significantly suppressed with the increased number of skyrmions in the cluster states (Supplementary Fig. S7). The collective motions of two skyrmion clusters are possible, as shown in Supplementary Fig. S8 with \({N}_{s}=11\) and \({N}_{s}=21\), where the distance between the two clusters remains constant during the motion. Interestingly, the skyrmion clusters can even steadily pass through a defect without noticeable deformation (Supplementary Fig. S8 and Movie 6).

Based on the trajectories of magnetic skyrmions under varied current densities, the current-density-dependent skyrmion velocities are summarized in Fig. 3e. To minimize the uncertainty, skyrmion clusters with the number of \({N}_{s} \sim 20\) is selected therein. The predicted linear relationship³² between the skyrmion velocity and current density is obtained. Moreover, the estimated spin polarization of current for Co₈Zn₁₀Mn₂ is P ∼ 0.57 (see Methods), which is two times larger than that for FeGe¹² (P ∼ 0.27), resulting in a comparable efficiency (defined as \({\varepsilon =v}_{x}/j\)) to the reported record using SOT mechanism^13,16. Below a low critical current density \({j}_{c1}=1.0\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\), magnetic skyrmions are static. This critical current density is directly related to the pinning forces arising from the disorder or impurity³². In addition, the critical current density depends on the pulse width as well. It decays exponentially with respect to the pulse width and reduces to \(\sim 5\times {10}^{9}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\) at the pulse width of 200 ns (Supplementary Fig. S9). Above the critical density \({j}_{c2}=3.5\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\), skyrmions are dynamically created and annihilated due to the combined effect of STT and the Joule heating by current pulses²⁷.

Figure 3f depicts an inverse relationship between the skyrmion Hall angle (\({\theta }_{{{{{{\rm{h}}}}}}}\)) and the current density. In a defect-free system, the skyrmion Hall angle \({\theta }_{{{{{{\rm{h}}}}}}}\) should be constant. However, in natural materials, the defects-induced pinning force will give rise to a transverse motion of magnetic skyrmions, yielding an extrinsic skyrmion Hall effect³² (Supplementary Note I and Supplementary Fig. S10). At low current density, a low drift velocity increases the scattering rate and thus results in a large skyrmion Hall angle (Supplementary Fig. S11 and Supplementary Movie 7). At higher current density, the scattering rate decreases, and the observed skyrmion Hall angle is close to the intrinsic value \({\theta }_{h}\), which is as low as ∼15º. Our results are quite different from previous studies in magnetic multilayers^16,33,34, where the skyrmion Hall angle shows a complicated relationship with current density. The underlying reason is that the skyrmion Hall angle therein is particularly susceptible to the change of radius under magnetic field and the deformation of the spin texture in the motion.

Integrated operations of skyrmions

At last, we demonstrate a combination of all creation, motion, and deletion operations on a single device shown in Fig. 4 (see the details in Supplementary Movie 8 and Supplementary Fig. S12 for other datasets). In the first stage, a skyrmion cluster with ten skyrmions is created with the pulse width of 20 ns and \(j \sim -4.86\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\) as shown in Fig. 4a. In the second stage, the skyrmion cluster is displaced by 680 nm after five pulses with the pulse width of 60 ns and \(j \sim -2.03\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\). After that, the skyrmion cluster is pulled back with the pulse width of 60 ns at \(j \sim 2.03\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\). In the final stage, the skyrmion cluster is deleted eventually with the pulse width of 20 ns at j = \(3.65\times {10}^{10}\,{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}\cdot {{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}^{-2}\).

In this work, we show a proof-of-concept demonstration of necessary operations for skyrmion-based memory. In our experiments, this achievement of skyrmion creation, motion, and deletion at room temperature enable the chiral magnets as a unique platform for skyrmion-based spintronic devices. Additionally, chiral magnets allow the coexistence of other exotic particle-like magnetic objects such as bobbers³⁵ and hopfions^36,37, making the versatile spintronic devices³⁸ based on three-dimensional spin textures possible.

Crime data listed below is for information purposes only and subject to change upon the receipt of updated information. All suspects are innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. The data listed below is subject to change each week. 

Atascadero Police Department

March 07, 2022

00:03— Richard Albert Reasner, 30, transient, was arrested on the corner of El Camino Real and HWY 41 and booked for TAKING VEHICLE WITHOUT OWNER’S CONSENT [10851(A)], POSSESS CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11377(A)], FELONY COMMITTED ON BAIL [12022.1]; Case no. 220564

08:43— Heriberto Salazarperez, 29, transient, was arrested on the 8500 block of El Camino Real and cited for POSSESSING NARCOTIC CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11350(A)]; Case no. 220565

23:33— Joseph Edward Pennington, 41, transient, was arrested on the 9800 block of El Camino Real and booked for FAILURE TO APPEAR AFTER PTA AND NOT POSTING BAIL [853.8]; Case no. 220575

23:33— Joseph Edward Pennington, 41, transient, was arrested on the 9800 block of El Camino Real and booked for POSSESSING CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11377(A)]; Case no. 220576

March 08, 2022

15:46— Julia Christine Gustafson, 32, of Atascadero was cited for ARREST WARRANT/ MISDEMEANOR AND INFRACTION CASES [1427], FAILURE TO APPEAR AFTER PTA AND NOT POSTING BAIL [853.8]; Case no. 220588

23:23— Raymond George Bullus, 33, of Atascadero was arrested on the 5100 block of Palma Ave. and booked for POSSESSING UNLAWFUL PARAPHERNALIA [11364(A)], POSSESS CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11377(A)]; Case no. 220593

March 09, 2022

10:01— Cierra Nicole Romeroheath. 27, of Atascadero was booked for ENHANCEMENT- INFLICTING GREAT BODILY INJURY [12022.7(A)], INFLICT INJURY UPON CHILD [273D(A)]; Case no. 220217

11:25— Robert Joe Reynoso, 56, of Atascadero was cited for FAIL TO APPEAR; WITHOUT PAYMENT OF BAIL [40515]; Case no. 220585

14:15— Joseph Henry Wright, 45, of Atascadero was cited for ARREST WARRANT/ MISDEMEANOR AND INFRACTION CASES [1427], FAIL TO APPEAR; WITHOUT PAYMENT OF BAIL [40515], FAILURE TO APPEAR AFTER PTA AND NOT POSTING BAIL [853.8]; Case no. 220596

14:15— Joseph Henry Wright, 45, of Atascadero was cited for DRIVING WHILE LICENSE SUSPENDED/REVOKED [14601.1(A)]; Case no. 220597

14:16— Brandy Stacy Kolbe, 30, of Atascadero was arrested on the 9000 block of Ash St. and cited for DUI ALCOHOL [23152(A)], DUI ALCOHOL/0.08 PERCENT [23152(B)]; Case no. 220598

23:23— Raymond George Bullus, 33, of Atascadero was arrested on the 5100 block of Palma Ave. and booked for FAIL TO APPEAR; WITHOUT PAYMENT OF BAIL [40515], FAILURE TO APPEAR AFTER PTA AND NOT POSTING BAIL [853.8]; Case no. 220592

March 10, 2022

00:10— Kenneth William Bourbeau, 32, of Atascadero was arrested on the corner of Graves Creek Rd. and Monterey Rd. and cited for DUI ALCOHOL [23152(A)], DUI ALCOHOL/0.08 PERCENT [23152(B)]; Case no. 220608

22:02— Scott Allen Shockley, 63, of Atascadero was arrested on the corner of Morro Rd. and Serena Ct. and cited for DRIVE WHILE LICENSE SUSPENDED/REVOKED FOR DUI:SPECIFIC VIOLA [14601.2(A)]; Case no. 220613

March 11, 2022

00:27— Ned Andrew Fennell, 25, of Paso Robles was arrested on the 6900 block of El Camino Real and booked for DUI ALCOHOL [23152(A)], DUI ALCOHOL/0.08 PERCENT [23152(B)]; Case no. 220614

13:19— Margaret Diane Pacheco, 63, of San Luis Obispo was arrested on the 7700 block of Morro Rd. and booked for VIOLATION PROBATION/MISDEMEANOR [1203.2(A)], CONTEMPT OF COURT:VIOLATE PROTECTIVE ORDER/ETC [166(C)(1)]; Case no. 220616

March 12, 2022

01:10— Jacob Daniel Dowless, 18, of Atascadero was arrested on the 8000 block of El Camino Real and booked for DISORDERLY CONDUCT:ALCOHOL [647(F)]; Case no. 220623

23:35— Caden Bryce Napolitano, 35, of Atascadero was arrested on the corner of Santa Barbara Rd. and 101 FWY and booked for DUI ALCOHOL [23152(A)]; Case no. 220633

March 13, 2022

10:20— Jesse Ray Easterday, 30, transient, was arrested on the 5500 block of Capistrano Ave. and booked for POSSESSING UNLAWFUL PARAPHERNALIA [11364(A)], POSSESS CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11377(A)], FELONY COMMITTED ON BAIL [12022.1], ATTEMPTED RESIDENTIAL BURGLARY [664/459-RES]; Case no. 220638

Paso Robles Police Department

March 07, 2022

23:40— Librado Lopezmartinez, 38, of Paso Robles was arrested on the 100 block of Niblick Rd. and released to another agency for DISORDERLY CONDUCT/DRUNK IN PUBLIC [647(F)PC]; Case no. 22-0645

03:13— Lisa Suzanne Murray, 57, of Paso Robles was arrested on the 2000 block of Riverside Ave. and booked and released for DISORDERLY CONDUCT/DRUNK IN PUBLIC [647(F)PC]; Case no. 220646

09:22— Collin Earl Higbee, 30, of Creston was arrested on the 200 block of Santa Ysabel Ave. and booked and released for being UNDER INFLUENCE OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11550(A)H&S], POSSESSION OF UNLAWFUL PARAPHERNALIA [11364(A)H&S], POSSESS NARCOTIC CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11350(A)H&S], POSSESSION OF SPECIFIED CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11377(A)H&S], SHOPLIFTING UNDER $950 [459.5(A)PC]; Case no. 220648

10:52— Mark Edward Omara, 65, of Paso Robles was arrested on the corner of Riverbank Ln. and Creeksand Ln. and booked and released for DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ANY DRUG [23152(F)VC]; Case no. 220649

12:35— Ryan David Sears, 40, of Atascadero was arrested in the Riverbed and booked and released for LOCAL WARRANT-MISDEMEANOR [B/W-M], OUTSIDE WARRANT- MISDEMEANOR [O/W-M], OUTSIDE WARRANT- MISDEMEANOR [O/W-M], OUTSIDE WARRANT- MISDEMEANOR [O/W-M]; Case no. 220651

12:54— Beth Denia Skinner, 39, of Creston was arrested in the Riverbed and booked and released for OUTSIDE WARRANT- MISDEMEANOR [O/W-M]; Case no. 22-0650

13:16— Daniel Lee Stainbrook, 51, of Paso Robles was arrested on the 180 block of Niblick Rd. and booked and released for POSSESSION OF UNLAWFUL PARAPHERNALIA [11364(A)H&S], UNDER INFLUENCE OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11550(A)H&S], RECEIVE STOLEN PROPERTY VEH/TRAILER [496D(A)PC]; Case no. 220650

17:28— Spencer Douglas Donovan, 37, of Paso Robles was arrested on the corner of Union Rd. and Avenida Del Sol and released to a third party for POSSESS NARCOTIC CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11350(A)H&S], POSSESSION OF SPECIFIED CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11377(A)H&S], POSSESSION OF UNLAWFUL PARAPHERNALIA [11364(A)H&S], UNLAWFUL DISPLAY EVIDENCE OF REGISTRATION [4462.5VC], DRIVE WHILE SUSPENDED FOR DUI [14601.2(A)VC]; Case no. 220651

21:17— Darin Christopher Willis, 26, of Paso Robles was arrested on the 100 block of Niblick Rd. and booked and released for OUTSIDE WARRANT- MISDEMEANOR [O/W-M], POSSESSION OF UNLAWFUL PARAPHERNALIA [11364(A)H&S]; Case no. 220660

21:25— Agustin Alvaradomendez Ramirez, 34, of San Bernardino, CA, was arrested on the corner of Spring St. and 6th St. and booked and released for DISORDERLY CONDUCT/DRUNK IN PUBLIC [647(F)PC], OUTSIDE WARRANT- MISDEMEANOR [O/W-M], OUTSIDE WARRANT- MISDEMEANOR [O/W-M], OUTSIDE WARRANT- MISDEMEANOR [O/W-M]; Case no. 220661

March 08, 2022

23:59— Hannah Michelle Hogue, 28, of Los Osos was arrested on the 2400 block of Riverside Ave. and booked and released for being UNDER INFLUENCE OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11550(A)H&S], POSSESSION OF UNLAWFUL PARAPHERNALIA [11364(A)H&S]; Case no. 220671

March 10, 2022

00:49— Justin Reed Billips, 31, of Paso Robles was released by a peace office on the corner of Golden Hill Rd. and Summit Rd. for being UNDER INFLUENCE OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11550(A)H&S]; Case no. 220683  

01:37— David Raymond Merino, 51, of Templeton was arrested on the 1000 block of Sylvia Cir. and released to another agency for OUTSIDE WARRANT- FELONY [O/W-F]; Case no. 220684

17:08— Angelica Monique Smith, 25, of Paso Robles was booked and released for OUTSIDE WARRANT- MISDEMEANOR [O/W-M], LOCAL WARRANT-MISDEMEANOR [B/W-M]; Case no. 220691

21:39— Uriah Orian Giles, 48, of Bradley was arrested on the corner of 13th St. and Spring St. and booked and released for UNLAWFUL DISPLAY EVIDENCE OF REGISTRATION [4462.5VC]; Case no. 220696

23:22— Haley Elizabeth Delia, 22, of Paso Robles was arrested on the corner of S River Rd. at Navajo and booked and released for DUI ALCOHOL/0.08 PERCENT [23152(B)VC], DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL [23152(A)VC]; Case no. 220697

23:59— Leon Curtis Roberts, 34, of Paso Robles was arrested on the 2700 block of Black Oak Dr. and booked and released for LOCAL WARRANT-MISDEMEANOR [B/W-M]; Case no. 220104

March 11, 2022

21:44— Edgar Daniel Guevara, 22, of Paso Robles was arrested on the 1200 block of Corral Creek Ave. and released to another agency for BATTERY BY SPOUSE, COHABITANT, FORMER SPOUSE [243(E)(1)PC]; Case no. 220702

March 12, 2022

02:32— Gerardo Jesus Castro, 20, of Templeton was arrested on 101 S At 4th St. and released to another agency for EVADING A PEACE OFFICER/RECKLESSDRIVING [2800.2VC], DUI PROBATION W/BAC GREATER THAN .01 [23154(A)VC], POSSESS/PURCHASE FOR SALE NARCOTIC/CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11351H&S], UNLAWFUL TRANSPORTATION/SALE OF NARCOTIC [11352(A)H&S], POSSESSION OF NARCOTICS FOR SALE [11378H&S], VIOLATION OF PROBATION/TERMS OF PROBATIO [1203.2PC]; Case no. 220705

03:36— Shawn Michael Sweeney, 35, of San Miguel was arrested on SR 101 and Ramada Dr. and booked and released for DRIVE WHILE SUSPENDED FOR DUI [14601.2(A)VC]; Case no. 220704

05:40— Darin Christopher Willis, 26, of Paso Robles was arrested on the 190 block of Niblick Rd. and booked and released for being UNDER INFLUENCE OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11550(A)H&S], POSSESSION OF SPECIFIED CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11377(A)H&S]; Case no. 220706

05:40— Edward Glenn Hash, 37, of Paso Robles was arrested on the 190 block of Niblick Rd. and booked and released for being UNDER INFLUENCE OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE [11550(A)H&S], POSSESSION OF UNLAWFUL PARAPHERNALIA [11364(A)H&S]; Case no. 220706

16:55— Amber Leeann Trusty, 37, of Lockwood, CA, was arrested on the 1200 block of Ysabel St. and booked and released for TRESSPASS/REFUSE TO LEAVE PROPERTY [602(O)(1)PC]; Case no. 220712

18:43— Benito Avalos Dominguez, 25, of King City, CA, was arrested on the corner of 21st. St. and Pine St. and booked and released for DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL [23152(A)VC], DUI ALCOHOL/0.08 PERCENT [23152(B)VC]; Case no. 220713

16:00— William Dean Foote, 68, of Templeton was arrested on the 2000 block of Riverside Dr. and released to another agency for CONTACT W/MINOR W/INTENT TO COMMIT SEX CRIME [288.3(A)PC]; Case no. 220709

20:37— Luciano Rosalesdelossantos, 24, of Paso Robles was arrested on the corner of Corral Creek Rd. and Branch Creek. Rd. and booked and released for DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL [23152(A)VC], DUI ALCOHOL/0.08 PERCENT [23152(B)VC]; Case no. 220714

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